Caesarea Filippi
Beskrivelse
Caesarea Philippi, en by ved den smukke fod af Hermon-bjerget nær kilderne til Jordanfloden. Vi har kun omtale af den i de første to evangelier [Matt 16:13 -18; Mark 8:27 ] under Peters messianske bekendelse. Augustus overdrog denne by til Herodes den Store i 20 f.Kr. Han byggede et marmortempel her nær kultstedet for den romerske guddom Pan og navngav byen Paneas. Tetrarken *Philip udvidede byen og omdøbte den til Caesarea Philippi til ære for kejser Tiberius og sin egen ære. Agrippa II udviklede yderligere byen og navngav den Neronias til ære for kejser Nero. Under den jødiske krig organiserede Titus gladiatorkampe her, hvor tilfangetagne jøder måtte kæmpe mod vilde dyr og hinanden. På ruinerne af den tidligere by står nu landsbyen Banias [Panias = helligdom for guden Pan] med resterne af et klippeborg.
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Caesara Philippi
a city on the northeast of the marshy plain of el-Huleh, 120 miles north of Jerusalem, and 20 miles north of the Sea of Galilee, at the "upper source" of the Jordan, and near the base of Mount Hermon. It is mentioned in (Matt 16:13 ) and (Mark 8:27 ) as the northern limit of our Lord's public ministry. According to some its original name was Baal-Gad (Josh 11:17), or Baal-Hermon (Judg 3:3; 1Chr 5:23), when it was a Canaanite sanctuary of Baal. It was afterwards called Panium or Paneas, from a deep cavern full of water near the town. This name was given to the cavern by the Greeks of the Macedonian kingdom of Antioch because of its likeness to the grottos of Greece, which were always associated with the worship of their god Pan. Its modern name is Banias. Here Herod built a temple, which he dedicated to Augustus Caesar. This town was afterwards enlarged and embellished by Herod Philip, the tetrarch of Trachonitis, of whose territory it formed a part, and was called by him Caesarea Philippi, partly after his own name, and partly after that of the emperor Tiberius Caesar. It is thus distinguished from the Caesarea of Palestine. (See JORDAN)
EBD - Easton's Bible Dictionary