Filippos Caesarea
Kirjeldus
Caesarea Philippi, linn kauni Mount Hermoni jalamil Jordani allikate lähedal. Seda mainitakse ainult esimeses kahes evangeeliumis [Mt 16:13 -18; Mk 8:27 ] Peetruse messiaanliku tunnistuse ajal. Augustus andis selle linna Herodes Suurele üle 20 eKr. Ta ehitas siia Rooma jumaluse Pani kultuskoha lähedale marmorist templi ja nimetas linna Paneaseks. Tetrarh *Filipp laiendas linna ja nimetas selle ümber Caesarea Philippiks keiser Tiberiuse ja enda auks. Agrippa II arendas linna edasi ja nimetas selle Neronias'ks keiser Nero auks. Juudi sõja ajal korraldas Titus siin gladiaatorimänge, kus vangistatud juudid pidid võitlema metsloomade ja üksteisega. Endise linna varemetele on nüüd kerkinud Baniasi küla [Panias = jumal Pani pühamu] koos kaljulossi jäänustega.
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Caesara Philippi
a city on the northeast of the marshy plain of el-Huleh, 120 miles north of Jerusalem, and 20 miles north of the Sea of Galilee, at the "upper source" of the Jordan, and near the base of Mount Hermon. It is mentioned in (Matt 16:13) and (Mark 8:27) as the northern limit of our Lord's public ministry. According to some its original name was Baal-Gad (Josh 11:17), or Baal-Hermon (Judg 3:3; 1Chr 5:23), when it was a Canaanite sanctuary of Baal. It was afterwards called Panium or Paneas, from a deep cavern full of water near the town. This name was given to the cavern by the Greeks of the Macedonian kingdom of Antioch because of its likeness to the grottos of Greece, which were always associated with the worship of their god Pan. Its modern name is Banias. Here Herod built a temple, which he dedicated to Augustus Caesar. This town was afterwards enlarged and embellished by Herod Philip, the tetrarch of Trachonitis, of whose territory it formed a part, and was called by him Caesarea Philippi, partly after his own name, and partly after that of the emperor Tiberius Caesar. It is thus distinguished from the Caesarea of Palestine. (See JORDAN)
EBD - Easton's Bible Dictionary