Kadeš-barnea
Opis
Kadeš — sveti, ili Kadeš-Barnea, sveti pustinjski prostor lutanja, mjesto na jugoistočnoj granici Palestine, oko 265 kilometara od Horeba. Ležao je u “pustinji” ili “pustinji Sina” [Post 14:7 ; Br 13:3 –26; 14:29–33; 20:1; 27:14], na granici Edoma [Br 20:16 ]. S ovog mjesta, u skladu sa željom naroda, Mojsije je poslao “dvanaest uhoda” da izvide zemlju. Nakon što su je pregledali u svim njenim područjima, uhode su donijele loš izvještaj, dok su samo Jošua i Kaleb dali dobar izvještaj o zemlji [Br 13:18 –31]. Pod utjecajem obeshrabrujućeg izvještaja, narod je napustio svaku nadu ulaska u Obećanu zemlju. Ostali su značajno vrijeme u Kadešu. (Vidi HORMAH; KORAH.) Zbog svog nevjerovanja, Bog ih je osudio na lutanje trideset osam godina u pustinji. Krenuli su na put iz Kadeša u pustinje Parana, “putem Crvenog mora” [Pnz 2:1 ]. (Jedna teorija je da su tijekom tih trideset osam godina ostali u i oko Kadeša.)
Na kraju tih godina lutanja, plemena su se drugi put okupila u Kadešu. Tijekom njihovog boravka ovdje, Mirjam je umrla i bila pokopana. Ovdje su ljudi mrmljali zbog nedostatka vode, kao što su to činili njihovi preci ranije u Refidimu; i Mojsije, iritiran njihovim prigovorima, “sa svojim štapom udario je stijenu dvaput,” umjesto da “govori stijeni pred njihovim očima,” kako mu je Gospodin zapovjedio (usp. [Br 27:14 ; Pnz 9:23 ; Ps 106:32 , 33]). Zbog ovog njegovog čina, u kojem je i Aron bio uključen, niti jednom od njih nije bilo dopušteno zakoračiti u Obećanu zemlju [Br 20:12 , 24]. Kralj Edoma nije im dopustio da prođu kroz njegov teritorij, pa su stoga započeli marš prema istoku i “došli do gore Hora” [Br 20:22 ].
Ovo mjesto je identificirano s ‘Ain el-Kadeis, oko 19 kilometara istočno-jugoistočno od Beer Šebe. (Vidi UHODE.)
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Kadesh (1)
holy, or Kadesh-Barnea, sacred desert of wandering, a place on the south-eastern border of Palestine, about 165 miles from Horeb. It lay in the "wilderness" or "desert of Zin" (Gen 14:7; Num 13:3-26; 14:29-33; 20:1; 27:14), on the border of Edom (Num 20:16). From this place, in compliance with the desire of the people, Moses sent forth "twelve spies" to spy the land. After examining it in all its districts, the spies brought back an evil report, Joshua and Caleb alone giving a good report of the land (Num 13:18-31). Influenced by the discouraging report, the people abandoned all hope of entering into the Promised Land. They remained a considerable time at Kadesh. (See HORMAH; KORAH) Because of their unbelief, they were condemned by God to wander for thirty-eight years in the wilderness. They took their journey from Kadesh into the deserts of Paran, "by way of the Red Sea" (Deut 2:1). (One theory is that during these thirty-eight years they remained in and about Kadesh).
At the end of these years of wanderings, the tribes were a second time gathered together at Kadesh. During their stay here at this time Miriam died and was buried. Here the people murmured for want of water, as their forefathers had done formerly at Rephidim; and Moses, irritated by their chidings, "with his rod smote the rock twice," instead of "speaking to the rock before their eyes," as the Lord had commanded him [comp. (Num 27:14; Deut 9:23; Ps 106:32 ; 106:33)]. Because of this act of his, in which Aaron too was involved, neither of them was to be permitted to set foot within the Promised Land (Num 20:12; 20:24). The king of Edom would not permit them to pass on through his territory, and therefore they commenced an eastward march, and "came unto Mount Hor" (Num 20:22).
This place has been identified with 'Ain el-Kadeis, about 12 miles east-south-east of Beersheba. (See SPIES)
EBD - Easton's Bible Dictionary