Peters hus
Beskrivelse
En blokk med hjem, kalt av de fransiskanske utgraverne for sacra insula eller "hellig insula" ("insula" refererer til en blokk med hjem rundt en gårdsplass) ble funnet å ha en kompleks historie. Ligger mellom synagogen og innsjøbredden, ble den funnet nær fronten av en labyrint av hus fra mange forskjellige perioder. Tre hovedlag er identifisert: En gruppe private hus bygget rundt det 1. århundre f.Kr. som forble i bruk til tidlig på 4. århundre. Den store transformasjonen av et av husene på 4. århundre. Den åttekantede kirken bygget midt på 5. århundre. Utgraverne konkluderte med at et hus i landsbyen ble æret som huset til Peter fiskeren så tidlig som midt på 1. århundre, med to kirker bygget over det. 1. århundre Ett hus, litt større enn de fleste, besto av noen få små rom samlet rundt to åpne gårdsplasser, en mot nord og den andre mot sør. Et stort rom spesielt, nær østsiden og som forbinder begge gårdsplassene, var spesielt stort (sider omtrent 7,5 meter lange) og omtrent kvadratisk. Et åpent område på østsiden inneholdt en mursteinsovn. En terskel som tillot kryssing mellom de to gårdsplassene er godt bevart til i dag. Fra og med siste halvdel av 1. århundre e.Kr., viste dette huset markant forskjellige egenskaper enn de andre utgravde husene. De grove veggene i hovedrommet ble omarbeidet med omhu og pusset. Videre ble nesten ingen husholdningskeramikk funnet, men lamper og store oppbevaringskrukker florerte. Dette antyder at huset ikke lenger ble brukt som en bolig, men som et felles samlingssted. En forklaring foreslått for denne behandlingen er at rommet ble æret som et religiøst samlingssted, en domus-ecclesia eller huskirke, for det kristne samfunnet. Dette forslaget har imidlertid blitt kritisert av flere forskere. Spesielt der utgraverne hevdet å finne graffiti inkludert navnet Peter, har andre funnet svært lite leselig skrift (Strange og Shanks, 1982). Andre har stilt spørsmål ved om plassen faktisk er et rom; det brolagte gulvet, det store rommet uten støtter, og tilstedeværelsen av et kokeområde har fått noen til å merke seg at disse er mer konsistente med enda en gårdsplass. Wikipedia
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originally called Simon (= Simeon, i.e., “hearing”), a very common Jewish name in the New Testament. He was the son of Jona [Matt 16:17 ].
His mother is nowhere named in Scripture. He had a younger brother called Andrew, who first brought him to Jesus [Joh 1:40 -42]. His native town was Bethsaida, on the western coast of the Sea of Galilee, to which also Philip belonged. Here he was brought up by the shores of the Sea of Galilee, and was trained to the occupation of a fisher. His father had probably died while he was still young, and he and his brother were brought up under the care of Zebedee and his wife Salome [Matt 27:56 ; Mark 15:40 ; 16:1].
There the four youths, Simon, Andrew, James, and John, spent their boyhood and early manhood in constant fellowship. Simon and his brother doubtless enjoyed all the advantages of a religious training, and were early instructed in an acquaintance with the Scriptures and with the great prophecies regarding the coming of the Messiah. They did not probably enjoy, however, any special training in the study of the law under any of the rabbis. When Peter appeared before the Sanhedrin, he looked like an “unlearned man” [Apg 4:13 ].
“Simon was a Galilean, and he was that out and out...The Galileans had a marked character of their own. They had a reputation for an independence and energy which often ran out into turbulence. They were at the same time of a franker and more transparent disposition than their brethren in the south. In all these respects, in bluntness, impetuosity, headiness, and simplicity, Simon was a genuine Galilean. They spoke a peculiar dialect. They had a difficulty with the guttural sounds and some others, and their pronunciation was reckoned harsh in Judea. The Galilean accent stuck to Simon all through his career. It betrayed him as a follower of Christ when he stood within the judgment-hall [Mark 14:70 ]. It betrayed his own nationality and that of those conjoined with him on the day of Pentecost [Apg 2:7 ].”
It would seem that Simon was married before he became an apostle. His wife’s mother is referred to [Matt 8:14 ; Mark 1:30 ; Luk 4:38 ]. He was in all probability accompanied by his wife on his missionary journeys [1Kor 9:5 ]; comp. [1Pet 5:13 ].
He appears to have been settled at Capernaum when Christ entered on his public ministry, and may have reached beyond the age of thirty. His house was large enough to give a home to his brother Andrew, his wife’s mother, and also to Christ, who seems to have lived with him [Mark 1:29 ; 1:36; 2:1], as well as to his own family. It was apparently two stories high [Mark 2:4 ].
At Bethabara [R.V., [Joh 1:28 ], “Bethany”], beyond Jordan, John the Baptist had borne testimony concerning Jesus as the “Lamb of God” [Joh 1:29 -36]. Andrew and John hearing it, followed Jesus, and abode with him where he was. They were convinced, by his gracious words and by the authority with which he spoke, that he was the Messiah [Luk 4:22 ; Matt 7:29 ]; and Andrew went forth and found Simon and brought him to Jesus [Joh 1:41 ].
Jesus at once recognized Simon, and declared that hereafter he would be called Cephas, an Aramaic name, and was early instructed in the occupation of a fisher. He was early instructed in the occupation of a fisher.
It is likely that Peter carried the gospel to the east, and laboured for a while at Babylon, on the Euphrates [1Pet 5:13 ]. There is no satisfactory evidence that he was ever at Rome. Where or when he died is not certainly known. Probably he died between A.D. 64 and 67.
EBD - Easton's Bible Dictionary