Cezareja Filipova
Opis
Caesarea Filipova, mesto ob vznožju čudovitega gore Hermon blizu izvirov Jordana. Omenjeno je le v prvih dveh evangelijih [Mt 16:13 -18; Mr 8:27 ] med Petrovim mesijanskim priznanjem. Avgust je to mesto predal Herodu Velikemu leta 20 pr. n. št. Tukaj je zgradil marmornat tempelj blizu kultnega mesta rimske božanstva Pana in mesto poimenoval Paneas. Tetrarh *Filip je mesto razširil in ga preimenoval v Caesarea Filipova v čast cesarju Tiberiju in v svojo čast. Agripa II je mesto še dodatno razvil in ga poimenoval Neronias v čast cesarju Neronu. Med judovsko vojno je Tit tukaj organiziral gladiatorske igre, v katerih so morali ujeti Judje boriti z divjimi zvermi in med seboj. Na ruševinah nekdanjega mesta zdaj stoji vas Banias [Panias = svetišče boga Pana] z ostanki pečinega gradu.
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Caesara Philippi
a city on the northeast of the marshy plain of el-Huleh, 120 miles north of Jerusalem, and 20 miles north of the Sea of Galilee, at the "upper source" of the Jordan, and near the base of Mount Hermon. It is mentioned in (Matt 16:13) and (Mark 8:27) as the northern limit of our Lord's public ministry. According to some its original name was Baal-Gad (Josh 11:17), or Baal-Hermon (Judg 3:3; 1Chr 5:23), when it was a Canaanite sanctuary of Baal. It was afterwards called Panium or Paneas, from a deep cavern full of water near the town. This name was given to the cavern by the Greeks of the Macedonian kingdom of Antioch because of its likeness to the grottos of Greece, which were always associated with the worship of their god Pan. Its modern name is Banias. Here Herod built a temple, which he dedicated to Augustus Caesar. This town was afterwards enlarged and embellished by Herod Philip, the tetrarch of Trachonitis, of whose territory it formed a part, and was called by him Caesarea Philippi, partly after his own name, and partly after that of the emperor Tiberius Caesar. It is thus distinguished from the Caesarea of Palestine. (See JORDAN)
EBD - Easton's Bible Dictionary