Kadeš-barnea
Opis
Kadeš — sveti, ali Kadeš-Barnea, sveti puščavski kraj potepanja, kraj na jugovzhodni meji Palestine, približno 265 kilometrov od Horeba. Ležal je v “puščavi” ali “puščavi Cinskih” [1Mz 14:7 ; 4Mz 13:3 -26; 4Mz 14:29 -33; 4Mz 20:1 ; 4Mz 27:14 ], na meji z Edomom [4Mz 20:16 ]. S tega kraja je Mojzes, v skladu z željo ljudstva, poslal “dvanajst vohunov”, da bi izvideli deželo. Po pregledu vseh njenih okrožij so vohuni prinesli slabšno poročilo, samo Jozue in Kaleb sta dala dobro poročilo o deželi [4Mz 13:18 -31]. Pod vplivom odvračilnega poročila so ljudje opustili vsakršno upanje, da bi vstopili v Obljubljeno deželo. Precej časa so ostali v Kadešu. (Glej HORMAH; KORAH.) Zaradi nevere so bili obsojeni od Boga, da tavajo osemintrideset let po puščavi. Odpravili so se iz Kadeša v puščave Parana, “po poti Rdečega morja” [5Mz 2:1 ]. (Ena teorija je, da so v teh osemintridesetih letih ostali v in okoli Kadeša.)
Ob koncu teh let potepanja so se plemena drugič zbrala v Kadešu. Med njihovim bivanjem tukaj je umrla Mirjam in bila pokopana. Tukaj so ljudje godrnjali zaradi pomanjkanja vode, kot so to storili njihovi predniki prej v Refidimu; in Mojzes, razdražen zaradi njihovih očitkov, je “z udarcem dvakrat udaril po skali”, namesto da bi “govoril skali pred njihovimi očmi”, kot mu je Gospod zapovedal (prim. [4Mz 27:14 ; 5Mz 9:23 ; Ps 106:32 , 33]). Zaradi tega dejanja, v katerem je bil vpleten tudi Aron, nobenemu od njiju ni bilo dovoljeno stopiti v Obljubljeno deželo [4Mz 20:12 , 24]. Kralj Edoma jim ni dovolil prehoda skozi njegovo ozemlje, zato so začeli pohod proti vzhodu in “prišli na goro Hor” [4Mz 20:22 ].
Ta kraj je bil identificiran z 'Ain el-Kadeis, približno 19 kilometrov vzhod-jugovzhodno od Beeršebe. (Glej VOHUNI.)
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Kadesh (1)
holy, or Kadesh-Barnea, sacred desert of wandering, a place on the south-eastern border of Palestine, about 165 miles from Horeb. It lay in the "wilderness" or "desert of Zin" (Gen 14:7; Num 13:3-26; 14:29-33; 20:1; 27:14), on the border of Edom (Num 20:16). From this place, in compliance with the desire of the people, Moses sent forth "twelve spies" to spy the land. After examining it in all its districts, the spies brought back an evil report, Joshua and Caleb alone giving a good report of the land (Num 13:18-31). Influenced by the discouraging report, the people abandoned all hope of entering into the Promised Land. They remained a considerable time at Kadesh. (See HORMAH; KORAH) Because of their unbelief, they were condemned by God to wander for thirty-eight years in the wilderness. They took their journey from Kadesh into the deserts of Paran, "by way of the Red Sea" (Deut 2:1). (One theory is that during these thirty-eight years they remained in and about Kadesh).
At the end of these years of wanderings, the tribes were a second time gathered together at Kadesh. During their stay here at this time Miriam died and was buried. Here the people murmured for want of water, as their forefathers had done formerly at Rephidim; and Moses, irritated by their chidings, "with his rod smote the rock twice," instead of "speaking to the rock before their eyes," as the Lord had commanded him [comp. (Num 27:14; Deut 9:23; Ps 106:32 ; 106:33)]. Because of this act of his, in which Aaron too was involved, neither of them was to be permitted to set foot within the Promised Land (Num 20:12; 20:24). The king of Edom would not permit them to pass on through his territory, and therefore they commenced an eastward march, and "came unto Mount Hor" (Num 20:22).
This place has been identified with 'Ain el-Kadeis, about 12 miles east-south-east of Beersheba. (See SPIES)
EBD - Easton's Bible Dictionary