黎巴嫩
描述
[= 白色]，是一条从提尔附近的利塔尼河（或称利塔）向北延伸至埃尔-凯比尔河（古时称为埃利乌特鲁斯）的宏伟山脉，长达170公里。黎巴嫩山脉上最重要的高原之一是所谓的“黎巴嫩香柏树”区域，即香柏树区，占地约100平方米，海拔约3000米。这个香柏林一度濒临灭绝（1573年仅有24棵树，1810年增加到375棵，1884年达到397棵），如今仅存于海拔2000米的西坡，并被高墙围绕，以防止未经许可的人砍伐。黎巴嫩山大多由石灰岩构成。在高处，雨水汇集成溪流，流经温暖月份的黎巴嫩永久积雪[耶 18:14 ]。然而，黎巴嫩山上并没有冰川。无数的小溪灌溉着黎巴嫩的山谷，使其成为丰饶的花卉产地[歌 4:15 ; 赛 35:2 ; 60:13]。在中部黎巴嫩的西坡，桑树、橄榄树、无花果树、核桃树、杏仁树、桃树和杏子都能茁壮成长。石榴也在这里成熟。在海拔1000-1500米的地方种植葡萄和烟草。根据[歌 4:11 ]和[何 14:7 ]，黎巴嫩散发出一种特殊的香气，可能来自于覆盖地面的芳香灌木和花卉。关于森林的记载在旧约作家中常见[王下 19:23 ; 诗 72:16 ; 赛 2:13 ; 10:34; 40:16; 60:13; 结 17:3 ; 31:15n; 亚 11:1 ]，但如今几乎没有遗迹。在古代，黎巴嫩的木材不仅用于建造庙宇和宫殿，还用于制造船桅[拉 3:7 ; 结 27:5 ]。森林被丰富的牧场取代，供给大量的羊群和山羊。这里的野生动物包括熊、豺、鬣狗、野猪和羚羊[王下 14:9 ; 歌 4:8 ]。在洞穴中发现了人类和鹿、岩羚羊、狍子以及洞狮的遗迹。由于其难以到达，黎巴嫩成为了天然的避难所。
据说所罗门王——与其他不同时期的东方君主一样——曾从黎巴嫩运送香柏木用于建造耶路撒冷的圣殿[王上 5:6 ]。然而，他似乎也在这里进行了一些建筑工程[王上 9:19 ]，甚至可能开采铁矿等。
与黎巴嫩平行的是从赫尔蒙山延伸的所谓的反黎巴嫩山脉，与黎巴嫩山脉被宽8-14公里的比卡谷地分隔。这个谷地中，利塔尼河向南流淌，奥伦特河向北流淌。谷地全长120公里，其中部非常肥沃。
黎巴嫩构成了应许之地的西北边界[申 1:7 ; 11:24; 书 1:4 ; 11:17; 12:7; 13:5]。
阿道夫·诺沃特尼的圣经词典
链接
Street View
地图
来自字典的信息
Lebanon
white, "the white mountain of Syria," is the loftiest and most celebrated mountain range in Syria. It is a branch running southward from the Caucasus, and at its lower end forking into two parallel ranges, the eastern or Anti-Lebanon, and the western or Lebanon proper. They enclose a long valley (Josh 11:17) of from 5 to 8 miles in width, called by Roman writers Coele-Syria, now called el-Buka'a, "the valley," a prolongation of the valley of the Jordan.
Lebanon proper, Jebel es-Sharki, commences at its southern extremity in the gorge of the Leontes, the ancient Litany, and extends north-east, parallel to the Mediterranean coast, as far as the river Eleutherus, at the plain of Emesa, "the entering of Hamath" (Num 34:8; 1Kings 8:65), in all about 90 geographical miles in extent. The average height of this range is from 6,000 to 8,000 feet; the peak of Jebel Mukhmel is about 10,200 feet, and the Sannin about 9,000. The highest peaks are covered with perpetual snow and ice. In the recesses of the range wild beasts as of old still abound (2Kings 14:9; Cant 4:8). The scenes of the Lebanon are remarkable for their grandeur and beauty, and supplied the sacred writers with many expressive similes (Ps 29:5; 29:6; 72:16; 104:16-18; Cant 4:15; Isa 2:13; 35:2; 60:13; Hos 14:5). It is famous for its cedars (Cant 5:15), its wines (Hos 14:7), and its cool waters (Jer 18:14). The ancient inhabitants were Giblites and Hivites (Josh 13:5; Judg 3:3). It was part of the Phoenician kingdom (1Kings 5:2-6).
The eastern range, or Anti-Lebanon, or "Lebanon towards the sunrising," runs nearly parallel with the western from the plain of Emesa till it connects with the hills of Galilee in the south. The height of this range is about 5,000 feet. Its highest peak is Hermon (q.v.), from which a number of lesser ranges radiate.
Lebanon is first mentioned in the description of the boundary of Palestine (Deut 1:7; 11:24). It was assigned to Israel, but was never conquered (Josh 13:2-6; Judg 3:1-3).
The Lebanon range is now inhabited by a population of about 300,000 Christians, Maronites, and Druses, and is ruled by a Christian governor. The Anti-Lebanon is inhabited by Mohammedans, and is under a Turkish ruler.
EBD - Easton's Bible Dictionary