Đường hầm của Ê-xê-chia
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Hầm Siloam mới hơn (tiếng Hebrew: נִקְבַּת הַשִּׁלֹחַ, Nikbat HaShiloaḥ), còn được gọi là Hầm Hezekiah (tiếng Hebrew: תעלת חזקיהו), là một kênh nước được khắc trong Thành phố David từ thời cổ đại, hiện nằm trong khu phố Ả Rập Silwan ở phía đông Jerusalem. Tên phổ biến của nó là do giả thuyết phổ biến nhất cho rằng nó có niên đại từ thời trị vì của vua Hezekiah của Judah (cuối thế kỷ 8 và đầu thế kỷ 7 trước Công nguyên) và tương ứng với "conduit" được đề cập trong [2V 20:20 ] trong Kinh Thánh Hebrew. Theo Kinh Thánh, vua Hezekiah đã chuẩn bị cho Jerusalem trước cuộc bao vây sắp tới của người Assyria bằng cách "chặn nguồn nước của Gihon trên, và dẫn nước thẳng xuống phía tây đến Thành phố David" [2S 32:30 ]. Bằng cách chuyển hướng nước của Gihon, ông đã ngăn chặn quân địch dưới quyền Sennacherib tiếp cận với nước.
Các câu Kinh Thánh liên quan đến một hầm trong thời Hezekiah là: [2V 20:20 ]; [2S 32:2 -4]; [2S 32:30 ]; [Isa 22:11]
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Hezekiah
whom Jehovah has strengthened.
Son of Ahaz (2Kings 18:1; 2Chr 29:1), whom he succeeded on the throne of the kingdom of Judah. He reigned twenty-nine years (B.C. 726-697). The history of this king is contained in (2Kings 18:20; Isa 36:1etc.; 37:1etc.; 38:1etc.; 39:1etc.), and (2Chr 29:1etc.; 30:1etc.; 31:1etc.; 32:1etc.). He is spoken of as a great and good king. In public life he followed the example of his great-granfather Uzziah. He set himself to abolish idolatry from his kingdom, and among other things which he did for this end, he destroyed the "brazen serpent," which had been removed to Jerusalem, and had become an object of idolatrous worship (Num 21:9). A great reformation was wrought in the kingdom of Judah in his day (2Kings 18:4; 2Chr 29:3-36).
On the death of Sargon and the accession of his son Sennacherib to the throne of Assyria, Hezekiah refused to pay the tribute which his father had paid, and "rebelled against the king of Assyria, and served him not," but entered into a league with Egypt (Isa 30:1etc.; 31:1etc.; 36:6-9). This led to the invasion of Judah by Sennacherib (2Kings 18:13-16), who took forty cities, and besieged Jerusalem with mounds. Hezekiah yielded to the demands of the Assyrian king, and agreed to pay him three hundred talents of silver and thirty of gold (2Kings 18:14).
But Sennacherib dealt treacherously with Hezekiah (Isa 33:1), and a second time within two years invaded his kingdom (2Kings 18:17; 2Chr 32:9; Isa 36:1etc.). This invasion issued in the destruction of Sennacherib's army. Hezekiah prayed to God, and "that night the angel of the Lord went out, and smote in the camp of the Assyrians 185,000 men." Sennacherib fled with the shattered remnant of his forces to Nineveh, where, seventeen years after, he was assassinated by his sons Adrammelech and Sharezer (2Kings 19:37). (See SENNACHERIB)
The narrative of Hezekiah's sickness and miraculous recovery is found in (2Kings 20:1; 2Chr 32:24; Isa 38:1). Various ambassadors came to congratulate him on his recovery, and among them Merodach-baladan, the viceroy of Babylon (2Chr 32:23; 2Kings 20:12). He closed his days in peace and prosperity, and was succeeded by his son Manasseh. He was buried in the "chiefest of the sepulchres of the sons of David" (2Chr 32:27-33). He had "after him none like him among all the kings of Judah, nor any that were before him" (2Kings 18:5). (See ISAIAH)
EBD - Easton's Bible Dictionary